环境政策工具对生态创新的影响: 研究回顾及实践意义

各种环境政策工具用来推进生态创新的开发、传播与应用，但不同政策工具对生态创新的作用效果还有待进一步挖掘。系统梳理了环境政策工具对生态创新影响的相关研究，探究不同政策工具的作用及其本质，以理解在推动生态创新开发、传播与应用情景下环境政策工具的作用及其实践意义。     

复杂山区铁路客运站自动选址研究

无备选站址条件下的客运站自动选址是线站协同优化的前提和基础,而不局限于车站选址的代价最小化,同时考虑连接车站间区间线路的代价具有重要意义。构建复杂山区铁路客运站自动选址模型,首先,建立综合地理信息模型,基于线站一体化的设计理念,实现单个车站选址,确定站心位置及站坪方向;其次,以公路线形优化模型的改进算法完成站—站间自动选线设计;最后,将车站选址代价与区间线路代价紧密结合起来,计算综合代价,实现站址方案的优选。以山区铁路为例对该方法进行验证,结果表明,该方法能高效生成山区铁路车站方案集,并辅助设计人员进行方案优化。     

资源依赖、制度安排与区域创新能力 —基于空间杜宾模型

区域创新能力提升是我国加快建设创新型国家、实现高质量发展的现实需求。 本文通过构建涵盖资源依赖、制度安排与区域创新能力的理论模型分析其内在关系并提出假 说，运用2000-2016年全国30个省（区、市）的面板数据与空间杜宾模型，检验三者之间的影 响及空间溢出效应。研究结果表明：（1）资源依赖程度越高，越不利于本地区创新能力提升；（2）有效率的制度安排对区域创新能力有正向促进作用；（3）从空间溢出效应来看，本地区 资源依赖程度越高，越抑制周边地区区域创新能力提升，有效的制度安排能助推周边地区创新能力提高。     

珠三角工业设计与工业互动比较研究：双重需求拉动与设计驱动增长的区域验证

动态比较珠三角工业发展阶段和设计水平不同的典型区域内，工业用户和最终消费者用户双重需求拉动设计创新以及设计驱动工业增长作用机制的异同，提出克服互动系统短板并因地制宜实施设计驱动转型升级的对策建议。基于SVAR建模的脉冲响应和方差分解分析发现：珠三角工业确实可以通过工业设计创新驱动实现内生性可持续增长，而设计水平的地区差异对设计驱动绩效有调节作用；工业发展质量和结构欠佳，无法有效拉动区域工业设计创新，是珠三角多数地区工业设计有效需求不足的根本原因。区域工业设计与工业互动系统的短板是缺乏内行和挑剔的最终消费者有效需求。最后基于模型稳健性检验，提出因地制宜科学实施设计驱动发展战略的对策建议。     

Increasing linkages among European regions. The role of sectoral composition

This paper analyses changes in economic regional interlinkages in Europe over time and investigates the factors that could explain the dynamics of these changes. Our four main findings are the following: (i) we detect a significant surge in regional synchronisation after the Great Recession; (ii) we identify the regions most interrelated with the rest of Europe, namely, Ile de France, Inner London and Lombardia; (iii) we find that sectoral composition explains regional synchronisation in Europe, mainly after the Great Recession and (iv) we document that sectoral composition has important implications for aggregate economic fluctuations, in particular, that similarities in services-related sectors across regions explain a nonlinear relationship between sectoral composition and regional business cycle synchronisation. We also propose a new method to measure time-varying synchronisation in small samples that combines regime-switching models and dynamic model averaging.     

广东省县域农业生产效率分析——基于2015-2019年揭阳市5县域DEA模型为例

农业生产效率提升是实现农业现代化的重要手段。本文以《揭阳市统计年鉴(2015-2019)》的农业相关数据,从县域的视角研究揭阳市农业生产效率,运用DEA模型对揭阳市5个县域的3个投入指标和1个产出指标进行实证分析。结果显示,2015-2019年揭阳市农业生产效率均属于DEA无效,总体效率提升并不明显,且各县域呈现发展不平衡的状态,仅惠来县位于生产前沿面上,普宁市的农业生产效率最低,规模报酬属于递减态势。因此,恰逢“十四五”谋划之时,对揭阳市各县域农业生产效率做出分析研究,为现阶段提升揭阳市农业生产效率提出有参考价值的建议,为广东省县域农业生产效率分析提供范本。     

Unbiased estimation of expected return using CAPM

Estimation of expected return is required for many financial decisions. For example, an estimate for cost of capital is required for capital budgeting and cost of equity estimates are needed for performance evaluation based on measures such as EVA. Estimates for expected return are often based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which states that expected excess return (expected return minus the risk-free rate) is equal to the asset's sensitivity to the world market portfolio (β) times the risk premium on the “world market portfolio” (the market risk premium). Since the world market portfolio, by definition, contains all assets in the world, it is not observable. As a result, an estimate for expected return is commonly obtained by taking an estimate for β based on some index (as a proxy for the world market portfolio) and an estimate for the market risk premium based on a potentially different index and multiplying them together. In this paper, it is shown that this results in a biased estimate for expected return. This is undesirable since biased estimates lead to misallocation of funds and biased performance measures. It is also shown in this paper that the straightforward procedure suggested by Fama and MacBeth [J. Financ. Econ. 1 (1974) 43] results in an unbiased estimate for expected return. Further from the analysis done, it follows that, for an unbiased estimate, it does not matter what proxy is used, as long as it is used correctly an unbiased estimate for expected return results.     

我国高等教育成本负担理论的思考

高等教育成本负担理论提出虽然只有几十年，但是它已经被世界大多数国家所认可。此理论倡导的是谁受益谁付费的公平理念。但是它是否真的公平？本文从学费增幅和居民可支配收入的增幅、城乡居民高等教育负担、各阶层受教育情况等方面探讨我国高等教育成本负担情况，得出了我国的高等教育成本负担是不公平的结论，并提出了改进之策。     

服务企业培育顾客忠诚的营销路径

随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,培育高品质的顾客忠诚逐渐受到理论界和企业界的广泛重视。本文通过对服务企业顾客忠诚的影响因素展开讨论,提出一些服务企业培育顾客忠诚的营销路径。     

Allocations and Common Costs in Long-Run Investing and Pricing Decisions: An Historical Analysis

The extent to which allocated common costs should influence business decisions remains controversial in management accounting. In the finance and investment literature this issue is generally ignored or dismissed by appeals to the'incremental' principle. This article presents an historical analysis of allocations in long-run investing and pricing decisions. It is demonstrated that seminal figures in the development of both investment and price theory were conscious of the need for firms to cover common costs and generally favoured some form of allocation. The anti-allocationist position is shown to be of relatively recent origin and to have caused an inconsistency in the management accounting literature in the treatment of common costs. European costing theory is shown to have been consistently allocationist. Evidence of a return in the recent U.S. literature to the older Anglo-American, and continuing European, allocations tradition is presented.